Let's Bond!

How ever many weeks ago we talked about atoms, or atomos (hope you remember!). So what happens when you combine atoms/elements?  Chemical Reactions!


Before you go and think all chemical reactions happen like they do in this gif, let me burst that glorious bubble. Right now, hopefully, you are making a chemical reaction by breathing. See when you breathe in you inhale oxygen, but when you breathe out, you exhale carbon dioxide! Technically your body conducts experiments!

Chemical reactions happen when atoms bond. But Gabby, how do atoms bond? Well mysterious stranger who is reading my beautiful blog, how long do you have? Just kidding, this shouldn't take long *she says hopefully*.  There are 3 different kinds of atomic bonds. WHAT? THREE BONDS YOU SAY? WHAT IS THIS MADNESS (cut me some slack people I just had three cups of fanta orange and a waffle cone dripping in chocolate ice cream so I'm gonna be energetic. )

Before we go on, here are some key terms you need to know.

Shell - Electrons going around the nucleus at different distances. Each shell has a certain number of atoms.

 Cloud- random electrons going in a roughly spiracle orbit.

Stable - When an atom's outer most shell is 100% full and usually won't react with any other atoms

Unstable - when an atom's outer most shell isn't completely full and interacts with others so they can have a full outer shell.

Ions - atoms with electrical charges

Valence Electrons - electrons on the outer most shell that can bond with others.


I honestly hope you read that because if you didn't you are about to be really confused...

So what are these magical types of chemical bonds? Covalent, Ionic, and Electrostatic Attractions!

We can start with covalent bonds. Covalent bonds share electron pairs, like H2O! Agua! Water! There are two types of covalent bonds, polar and non-polar. Non-polar covalent bonds are bonds with equal sharing of electrons. It happens when two identical non-metals equally share electrons. See! Simple! Now polar covalent bonds are bonds with sharing of electrons.

 

^^^^^^Example^^^^^^

Ionic bonds happen when one atom takes an electron from another. This causes one to be positively charged and the one who was robbed to be negatively charged.  This causes Electrostatic Attractions, another type of bond. Electrostatic Attractions happen when two oppositely charged atoms attract. You know the phrase opposites attract? This applies here! Haha, I made a funny! Hang in there people we are almost done. Just survive the picture!

Here is a recap song! I hope you enjoyed the post! =)   xx-G

Table Manners!

Sup! So when you're little your parents always tell you, 'Mind your manners little (y/n)!'. Table anners are important, but let's talk about a different type of table. The Periodic Table.

On the chart above ^^^^^^ you see colorful squares right? Well those squares respresent elements. What's that? You don't know what elements are? Hmm.... ok. Breathe in. You feel that stuff that you are are breathing (p.s. you should probably breathe out now...)? Well it's called oxygen. It's an element! Does it make more sense now? No? Let's try again. So hopefully you drink water. Well in all of my earlier posts I've mentioned water H2O the wonderful liquid in which we drink. Water is made of two hydrogen and one oxygen. Oxygen and Hydrogen are both elements.





This is Hydrogn's 'block' if you will. We'll start at the top. You see that 1 in the corner? It represents the atomic number, or number of protons/electrons. Now let's move down to the H. The H is what they call the element symbol. Usually, it consists of one capital letter and one lowercase letter. These letters, besides the colors, are the most noticable thing on the Periodic Table, other than the ever so pretty colors. In this case the 'H' is the first letter of the element, hydrogen. That, however, isn't always the case. Sodium, or salt, has the element symbol of Na. Weird huh? On to mass. The atomic mass is the number of protons and neutrons in the element. Elements on the periodic table are organized into rows called periods and columns called groups.

The elements on the right side are non-metals. While the elements on the left are metals. The division between the two aren't anywhere neat the same. It's more like 2/3 are metals and 1/3 are non-metals. All elements with an atomic number above the number 98 have to be made in labs though. They can kill people if they aren't... that and it involves human interaction the get them to gain more electron shells. Weird huh?

So who created the Periodic Table? 1869; Dmitri Mendeleev. AKA That guy down there 

 

So believe it or not, Mendeleev was actually considered cute when he was in high school. You could cay he was the Justin Bieber of the 19th century. Any who, this man designed the periodic table and left space for elements to be discovered long after he kicked the bucket. Was he a genius or what?

Was that enough? If you need a recap here is a song! Hope you liked me post! xx-G

P.S. I know it was short...

Mixtures and Compounds

Before I start I find it necessary to inform you that I have found song about everything science related. Putting that out there. So today I want to talk about compounds and mixtures, which you may have guessed if you read the title. Sadly, I didn't find any songs on compounds so you may just have to listen to my boring version. Sorry guys. Let's talk about compounds!

Compounds are when a chemical change takes place, unlike a mixture where a physical change would take place. Let's use water for example. As I mentioned before hand, water is 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom. This is a compound because it is extremely hard to separate. With that being said, compounds look nothing like they're original elements. Salt is another example. What color is salt? I'm gonna pull a Dora the Explorer here and assume you said white. Would you ever guess that green chlorine gas and a silvery medal could make something people enjoy sucking off of pretzels? I know, science is inexplicably amazing. 

Here are some more examples to go by.

I actually have a song for this one! Yay! Mixtures! Here we go.... When two or more elements, or compounds, are blended without combining chemically you have a mixture. Think of it like a salad! If I make a salad with tomatoes, onions, croutons, carrot, chicken, and lettuce, how easy would it be to separate? Exactly. See, each substance in a mixture retains it's own properties. So if you surround a cherry tomato in lettuce, it isn't going to become lettuce, it will stay a tomato. Mixtures can be separated either physically, or mechanically. Video (<<<click the link over there)

 

 

 Salad

So that should should explain somethings... Any who, solids, liquids, and gasses can all be blended into homogeneous or heterogeneous mixtures. Complicated huh? Thought so, we'll use some examples. I trust you have been to a beach before, so let's talk about ocean water. (If you haven't, dude, go outside and live a little please.) The ocean is one giant homogeneous mixture. When you look at salt water do you see white crystals floating in the water? Nope. It's clear. 100% crystal clear. No matter how hard you look you won't see anything. With this type of mixture, it is dissolved into the water.

There ya go, it shows how it works.

You know that salad I mentioned earlier? Well no salad is complete without dressing! Vinegar dressing are a heterogeneous  mixture, which means its parts don't mix completely. Sometimes you can see the oil in the dressing and all of the herbs and spices floating in it.It used to gross me out... Any who, I hope this helped!

Meanwhile, I found a song relating to last weeks topic. Check it out! Atom Structure Song hope you liked it! Comment! -GSalad